The effect of the Keller model accompanied by direct mental training on mental imagery and the learning of some basic volleyball skills.

Abstract

The current research aims to identify the impact of the Keller model accompanied by direct mental exercise on mental imagery. Additionally, it aims to examine the effect of the Keller model accompanied by direct mental exercise on learning several basic volleyball skills. The researchers hypothesized the existence of statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test results for the experimental and control groups in developing mental imagery among first-year students in the Physical Education and Sports Sciences Department at the College of Basic Education, University of Mosul, in favor of the post-test. The research population was deliberately selected, consisting of first-year students.The first-year students of the Physical Education and Sports Sciences Department at the College of Basic Education, University of Mosul, for the academic year 2021/2022. This course is being taught this academic year, with a total of 75 male and female students distributed across three classrooms: A, B, and C. The number of students in the first classroom (A) is 28, in the second classroom (B) is 24, and in the third classroom (C) is 23. To determine the research sample and the two groups on which the main research experiment will be applied, the researchers conducted a simple random draw among the three classrooms, resulting in the second classroom being the experimental group on which the Keller model accompanied by the exercise will be applied.The direct mental exercise and the third classroom are the control groups on which the teacher's method will be applied. The researchers concluded the following: The results showed the superiority of the Keller model accompanied by direct mental exercise over the traditional method in developing mental imagery. The Keller model accompanied by direct mental exercise was more effective than the traditional method in learning the technical performance of several basic volleyball skills. The researchers recommend the following: It is preferable to use the Keller model accompanied by direct mental exercise in teaching some basic skills in other team sports to achieve a better level than the traditional method.